1 00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:03,350 hi welcome to the International Space 2 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:05,640 Station flight control room we are here 3 00:00:09,799 --> 00:00:08,250 where the orbit 2 team now is monitoring 4 00:00:11,120 --> 00:00:09,809 the systems aboard the International 5 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:11,130 Space Station and also the crews 6 00:00:16,490 --> 00:00:13,410 activities here with me today I have 7 00:00:19,540 --> 00:00:16,500 terribly Tara thank you for coming Tara 8 00:00:22,460 --> 00:00:19,550 is the associate program scientist for 9 00:00:23,689 --> 00:00:22,470 International Space Station and so what 10 00:00:27,259 --> 00:00:23,699 she's going to do we're going to have 11 00:00:28,730 --> 00:00:27,269 here today is a just a wrap up of it's 12 00:00:30,290 --> 00:00:28,740 just we're going to call this science 13 00:00:32,860 --> 00:00:30,300 friday so we're going to do today is 14 00:00:36,470 --> 00:00:32,870 have a wrap of the science that has been 15 00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:36,480 being worked on on orbit all during this 16 00:00:39,470 --> 00:00:37,620 week and then we have some other little 17 00:00:41,630 --> 00:00:39,480 things that we want to talk about that 18 00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:41,640 had gone up on the SpaceX Dragon 19 00:00:46,729 --> 00:00:43,910 spacecraft that is going to be leaving 20 00:00:48,950 --> 00:00:46,739 sunday this weekend so welcome to it 21 00:00:50,479 --> 00:00:48,960 first of all before we get into any of 22 00:00:52,100 --> 00:00:50,489 all this stuff I just want you to 23 00:00:54,770 --> 00:00:52,110 explain to me a little about your roles 24 00:00:56,060 --> 00:00:54,780 and responsibilities here as the program 25 00:00:58,340 --> 00:00:56,070 scientist for International Space 26 00:01:01,040 --> 00:00:58,350 Station sure let's see how there are 27 00:01:02,990 --> 00:01:01,050 many first and foremost I'm involved in 28 00:01:05,329 --> 00:01:03,000 helping to coordinate the research plans 29 00:01:07,580 --> 00:01:05,339 that happen on Space Station and look 30 00:01:09,109 --> 00:01:07,590 across all investigations and then as 31 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:09,119 the investigations are happening on 32 00:01:16,039 --> 00:01:13,170 orbit I help identify impacts to science 33 00:01:17,570 --> 00:01:16,049 that may be important for pursuing or 34 00:01:19,550 --> 00:01:17,580 promoting the science that happens on 35 00:01:21,170 --> 00:01:19,560 station so we help prioritize the 36 00:01:23,030 --> 00:01:21,180 science make sure it gets implemented we 37 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:23,040 meet the needs of the investigators and 38 00:01:28,219 --> 00:01:26,250 then after the experiments are done our 39 00:01:29,660 --> 00:01:28,229 team works to get the result and turn 40 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:29,670 them into something that's communicable 41 00:01:32,929 --> 00:01:31,170 to the public so we try to communicate 42 00:01:35,870 --> 00:01:32,939 the value of what's happening on Space 43 00:01:37,160 --> 00:01:35,880 Station okay great um okay so we're 44 00:01:38,960 --> 00:01:37,170 going to we're going to do a little 45 00:01:39,859 --> 00:01:38,970 recap of some of the science that's been 46 00:01:41,749 --> 00:01:39,869 taking place and there's a lot of 47 00:01:43,100 --> 00:01:41,759 science and I think that that's that's 48 00:01:45,020 --> 00:01:43,110 going on a lot of times we hear a lot 49 00:01:47,090 --> 00:01:45,030 about you know oh we had to fix this so 50 00:01:48,460 --> 00:01:47,100 we had to fix that and and while we got 51 00:01:50,719 --> 00:01:48,470 to understand that this is their home 52 00:01:52,249 --> 00:01:50,729 that is orbiting so there there is 53 00:01:54,740 --> 00:01:52,259 maintenance that is required but 54 00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:54,750 meanwhile it is a laboratory and I don't 55 00:01:59,690 --> 00:01:56,490 want to forget that and that science is 56 00:02:02,270 --> 00:01:59,700 taking place every day 24 7 even when 57 00:02:04,069 --> 00:02:02,280 the crew is sleeping at times depending 58 00:02:06,230 --> 00:02:04,079 on what the experiment is or this study 59 00:02:08,719 --> 00:02:06,240 so first before we get into some of 60 00:02:10,339 --> 00:02:08,729 these experiments or investigations that 61 00:02:12,229 --> 00:02:10,349 are taking place this week I want to go 62 00:02:13,630 --> 00:02:12,239 and talk about this education 63 00:02:16,480 --> 00:02:13,640 publication there's a recent 64 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:16,490 location that was done and it really 65 00:02:21,790 --> 00:02:19,610 kind of goes over some all the history 66 00:02:23,860 --> 00:02:21,800 of the space station science you want to 67 00:02:25,150 --> 00:02:23,870 go ahead and tell sure yeah just this 68 00:02:28,059 --> 00:02:25,160 month our office put out a new 69 00:02:29,620 --> 00:02:28,069 publication it's called inspiring the 70 00:02:32,020 --> 00:02:29,630 next generation and it's basically a 71 00:02:34,090 --> 00:02:32,030 compilation of the results of the 72 00:02:36,340 --> 00:02:34,100 student participation in space station 73 00:02:38,290 --> 00:02:36,350 over the last 12 years so just about 74 00:02:40,060 --> 00:02:38,300 just about every investigation that 75 00:02:42,670 --> 00:02:40,070 happens on on orbit has some kind of 76 00:02:45,010 --> 00:02:42,680 educational component whether it's true 77 00:02:47,380 --> 00:02:45,020 student design and competition where 78 00:02:50,949 --> 00:02:47,390 it's actual student experiments on orbit 79 00:02:53,229 --> 00:02:50,959 or it could be just all the way back to 80 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:53,239 on-orbit activities that can be pursued 81 00:02:57,729 --> 00:02:56,090 in the classroom in parallel even even 82 00:02:59,350 --> 00:02:57,739 crew call bounce to students all of 83 00:03:01,509 --> 00:02:59,360 these things are rolled into this 84 00:03:03,370 --> 00:03:01,519 publication and an effort to communicate 85 00:03:04,630 --> 00:03:03,380 the value of station in a way that 86 00:03:07,960 --> 00:03:04,640 promotes science technology engineering 87 00:03:11,590 --> 00:03:07,970 and math so the stem is real critical 88 00:03:13,150 --> 00:03:11,600 right to to space station value and what 89 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:13,160 we found is is going through the 90 00:03:16,390 --> 00:03:14,330 publication as we were putting it 91 00:03:18,250 --> 00:03:16,400 together looks like space station has 92 00:03:20,110 --> 00:03:18,260 reached students across students and 93 00:03:23,590 --> 00:03:20,120 teachers across 44 different countries 94 00:03:25,630 --> 00:03:23,600 well in the last 12 years and about 44 95 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:25,640 42 million students have been reached 96 00:03:30,430 --> 00:03:28,610 and on some level involving space 97 00:03:33,250 --> 00:03:30,440 station activities which is really 98 00:03:36,340 --> 00:03:33,260 really mind-blowing and nearly 3 million 99 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:36,350 teachers as well yeah so it was yeah it 100 00:03:39,940 --> 00:03:37,610 was pretty eye-opening as we were going 101 00:03:42,729 --> 00:03:39,950 through and now the publication also 102 00:03:44,979 --> 00:03:42,739 details how you as students and teachers 103 00:03:46,660 --> 00:03:44,989 can get on board and participate in 104 00:03:48,850 --> 00:03:46,670 competitions that are up and coming and 105 00:03:49,960 --> 00:03:48,860 that are always ongoing so if you feel 106 00:03:51,789 --> 00:03:49,970 like this is something you want to look 107 00:03:53,770 --> 00:03:51,799 through which I highly encourage if you 108 00:03:55,090 --> 00:03:53,780 have ideas if your student in you you 109 00:03:57,520 --> 00:03:55,100 have some ideas you're not sure where to 110 00:03:59,110 --> 00:03:57,530 go this publication is really a great 111 00:04:00,460 --> 00:03:59,120 place for you to start because you can 112 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:00,470 see what other students have done and 113 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:01,970 some of the results and how you can 114 00:04:06,009 --> 00:04:04,730 participate and to do that you can we 115 00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:06,019 have copies that are coming out and 116 00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:08,510 print this month but but in the meantime 117 00:04:17,740 --> 00:04:11,780 it's online right now if you go to ww na 118 00:04:20,080 --> 00:04:17,750 sa govt /i SS science you can find 119 00:04:21,610 --> 00:04:20,090 there's a for teachers section and a for 120 00:04:23,500 --> 00:04:21,620 student section and if you click on 121 00:04:25,520 --> 00:04:23,510 those links there's lots of information 122 00:04:27,830 --> 00:04:25,530 there and you can find a 123 00:04:30,710 --> 00:04:27,840 the online version of in terms of PDF 124 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:30,720 format for this publication okay thank 125 00:04:35,420 --> 00:04:32,010 you you should check it out really get a 126 00:04:37,129 --> 00:04:35,430 good information there um so let's go 127 00:04:38,810 --> 00:04:37,139 ahead and talk about a couple of the 128 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:38,820 experiments that are taking place this 129 00:04:44,300 --> 00:04:41,370 week and you know they're gonna be 130 00:04:45,830 --> 00:04:44,310 ongoing but one of the things I know is 131 00:04:47,840 --> 00:04:45,840 the meter on and this is something that 132 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:47,850 Sonny was working with earlier this 133 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:49,530 morning to deactivate and that's what I 134 00:04:54,710 --> 00:04:51,450 think a neat we have a little picture 135 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:54,720 here yeah of Meteorology is this little 136 00:04:58,790 --> 00:04:56,370 guy is actually called mock-up and he's 137 00:05:01,030 --> 00:04:58,800 part of the meter on project which is an 138 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:01,040 ISA European Space Agency sponsored 139 00:05:04,730 --> 00:05:02,730 investigation that'll actually happen 140 00:05:07,310 --> 00:05:04,740 over a period of two to three years on 141 00:05:11,120 --> 00:05:07,320 station and the goal of this meter on 142 00:05:13,100 --> 00:05:11,130 project is to as to check out and and 143 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:13,110 just basically characterize and 144 00:05:17,180 --> 00:05:14,970 understand human robotic interaction 145 00:05:21,950 --> 00:05:17,190 from when you're on orbit and down to 146 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:21,960 earth so it's a unique capability to be 147 00:05:24,830 --> 00:05:23,490 able to what study did this week with 148 00:05:26,750 --> 00:05:24,840 which was pretty cool was she actually 149 00:05:29,840 --> 00:05:26,760 controlled this little creature called 150 00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:29,850 mock-up from ISS and this mock-up is 151 00:05:35,030 --> 00:05:31,650 located at a piece of control facility 152 00:05:36,790 --> 00:05:35,040 and in Germany so she actually commanded 153 00:05:39,110 --> 00:05:36,800 it from space and it was pretty exciting 154 00:05:41,990 --> 00:05:39,120 the robot from what I understand is is 155 00:05:43,670 --> 00:05:42,000 on a in an area that's simulated with 156 00:05:44,840 --> 00:05:43,680 you know simulated Mars environment so 157 00:05:48,260 --> 00:05:44,850 what you're doing is simulating 158 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:48,270 controlling a robot from far far away in 159 00:05:53,300 --> 00:05:50,970 space and so I understand that the 160 00:05:54,620 --> 00:05:53,310 communication hesitation or delay was 161 00:05:56,150 --> 00:05:54,630 only two to three seconds from when 162 00:05:59,080 --> 00:05:56,160 Sonny sent the command when the little 163 00:06:01,490 --> 00:05:59,090 robot did perform her command and then 164 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:01,500 so really what this is proving out is 165 00:06:05,300 --> 00:06:03,090 something called the late ah Luren sneck 166 00:06:07,850 --> 00:06:05,310 working and so a really critical 167 00:06:10,010 --> 00:06:07,860 component of technology demonstration 168 00:06:12,050 --> 00:06:10,020 from for use on space station is being 169 00:06:14,360 --> 00:06:12,060 able to use technology that is going to 170 00:06:17,090 --> 00:06:14,370 take us beyond low-earth orbit right so 171 00:06:20,060 --> 00:06:17,100 delay tolerant networking is a series of 172 00:06:21,830 --> 00:06:20,070 network communications established for 173 00:06:24,650 --> 00:06:21,840 four networks like space station that 174 00:06:26,750 --> 00:06:24,660 have loss of signal and their d TNS the 175 00:06:29,659 --> 00:06:26,760 late dollar networks on on earth as well 176 00:06:31,430 --> 00:06:29,669 so anytime that we lose signal on orbit 177 00:06:33,830 --> 00:06:31,440 what happens is the little packets of 178 00:06:35,839 --> 00:06:33,840 information gets stored and then can be 179 00:06:37,370 --> 00:06:35,849 I guess you could think projected 180 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:37,380 forward once the communication is 181 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:39,490 reestablished so this is a way 182 00:06:45,270 --> 00:06:43,330 for us to test out a very basic human 183 00:06:47,070 --> 00:06:45,280 robot interaction along with the DTN 184 00:06:49,650 --> 00:06:47,080 network and think about how we would 185 00:06:51,749 --> 00:06:49,660 evolve these robotic features out past 186 00:06:53,610 --> 00:06:51,759 just this little mock-up robot now 187 00:06:56,540 --> 00:06:53,620 mock-ups the first but in series over 188 00:06:59,089 --> 00:06:56,550 the next several years isa plans to 189 00:07:02,040 --> 00:06:59,099 progress and all the way up to the 190 00:07:03,839 --> 00:07:02,050 exoskeleton type wearable components 191 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:03,849 human robotic interaction so basically 192 00:07:09,059 --> 00:07:06,370 you can donna a big arm or a glove and 193 00:07:11,100 --> 00:07:09,069 control it that way versus just computer 194 00:07:14,129 --> 00:07:11,110 and joystick which up on station now 195 00:07:16,230 --> 00:07:14,139 yeah so so I meteor on is really good 196 00:07:17,790 --> 00:07:16,240 example technology demonstration it's 197 00:07:20,999 --> 00:07:17,800 very visible it's really fun to watch 198 00:07:22,559 --> 00:07:21,009 and and we're looking forward to just 199 00:07:24,300 --> 00:07:22,569 just more progression as this one loose 200 00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:24,310 so what she did actually with her 201 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:27,400 commanding meter on or the mock-up of on 202 00:07:30,839 --> 00:07:28,930 the space station was almost a little 203 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:30,849 reverse of what we see here because here 204 00:07:35,820 --> 00:07:33,490 the ground teams will often be operating 205 00:07:37,170 --> 00:07:35,830 the robotically you know Exxon station 206 00:07:39,809 --> 00:07:37,180 so that's right of interesting to see 207 00:07:42,990 --> 00:07:39,819 that great so another one we have here i 208 00:07:44,969 --> 00:07:43,000 have a list listen iowa i like um just 209 00:07:46,740 --> 00:07:44,979 because i like fitness and kind of 210 00:07:48,089 --> 00:07:46,750 things i'm going to talk about vo2 max 211 00:07:51,959 --> 00:07:48,099 and i understand it's not really that 212 00:07:54,270 --> 00:07:51,969 fun to do okay pretty strenuous yeah so 213 00:07:56,580 --> 00:07:54,280 maybe Sonny enjoys it because she loves 214 00:07:58,080 --> 00:07:56,590 fitting so much but I don't know so talk 215 00:07:59,850 --> 00:07:58,090 to me a little about vo2 max what 216 00:08:01,320 --> 00:07:59,860 exactly i mean it's it's your measure 217 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:01,330 the measurement of your aerobic capacity 218 00:08:06,719 --> 00:08:04,360 but tell me why is this important vo2 219 00:08:09,330 --> 00:08:06,729 max it it's a measurement like you said 220 00:08:11,790 --> 00:08:09,340 of aerobic capacity so how how well the 221 00:08:13,890 --> 00:08:11,800 crew members can take up their oxygen as 222 00:08:15,990 --> 00:08:13,900 they're exercising and it's done on 223 00:08:18,300 --> 00:08:16,000 earth to and athletes and anyone who's 224 00:08:20,249 --> 00:08:18,310 interested in and it represents it's a 225 00:08:21,390 --> 00:08:20,259 reflection of your cardio fitness your 226 00:08:23,490 --> 00:08:21,400 credit vascular fitness and your 227 00:08:25,430 --> 00:08:23,500 respiratory fitness and that has huge 228 00:08:28,649 --> 00:08:25,440 impacts on your physical overall 229 00:08:30,089 --> 00:08:28,659 capabilities and so in terms of crew 230 00:08:31,740 --> 00:08:30,099 members the reason why i want to check 231 00:08:34,350 --> 00:08:31,750 it out is because you know when the crew 232 00:08:36,389 --> 00:08:34,360 has to potentially maybe emergency 233 00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:36,399 egress what kind of fitness are they and 234 00:08:40,860 --> 00:08:37,810 what kind of cardio and respiratory 235 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:40,870 shape are they and can they do it can 236 00:08:45,690 --> 00:08:43,810 they go on long intense uva's if we 237 00:08:48,329 --> 00:08:45,700 should go beyond low-earth orbit and 238 00:08:49,800 --> 00:08:48,339 arrive at a terrestrial location that 239 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:49,810 they have to get out and start really 240 00:08:54,569 --> 00:08:51,970 manually laboring for a while so 241 00:08:57,689 --> 00:08:54,579 oh so the really cool thing about vo2 242 00:09:00,269 --> 00:08:57,699 max is that it just it directly measures 243 00:09:02,249 --> 00:09:00,279 the crew as they're exercising the crew 244 00:09:04,050 --> 00:09:02,259 breathes into a device and out of advice 245 00:09:05,879 --> 00:09:04,060 as they're really high-intensity 246 00:09:07,710 --> 00:09:05,889 exercising they got to go max that's 247 00:09:09,869 --> 00:09:07,720 what the max stands for so it's pretty 248 00:09:11,819 --> 00:09:09,879 intense and the device that they're 249 00:09:14,189 --> 00:09:11,829 breathing in measures the carbon dioxide 250 00:09:15,329 --> 00:09:14,199 to oxygen ratio that they are taking in 251 00:09:17,550 --> 00:09:15,339 and producing and then their 252 00:09:19,259 --> 00:09:17,560 calculations back on how efficient their 253 00:09:22,259 --> 00:09:19,269 their lungs in their cardiovascular 254 00:09:23,999 --> 00:09:22,269 system are and with vo2 max this week 255 00:09:26,999 --> 00:09:24,009 there was the very last session that was 256 00:09:28,740 --> 00:09:27,009 performed ever so they wrapped up a 257 00:09:31,889 --> 00:09:28,750 study that I think has been ongoing 258 00:09:34,650 --> 00:09:31,899 since 2009 and they needed 12 subjects 259 00:09:36,929 --> 00:09:34,660 to be successful human subjects and 260 00:09:38,850 --> 00:09:36,939 human subjects is valuable and very 261 00:09:40,679 --> 00:09:38,860 sought-after commodity on Space Station 262 00:09:42,059 --> 00:09:40,689 but it's very critical to the human 263 00:09:43,410 --> 00:09:42,069 research program that we understand 264 00:09:45,749 --> 00:09:43,420 these things before we go beyond 265 00:09:47,249 --> 00:09:45,759 low-earth orbit or low Earth orbit so 266 00:09:49,980 --> 00:09:47,259 it's really cool to get the last subject 267 00:09:51,629 --> 00:09:49,990 in now they're they're needed 12 and 268 00:09:53,040 --> 00:09:51,639 they got additional two more for good 269 00:09:54,389 --> 00:09:53,050 measure as a scientist you want to make 270 00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:54,399 sure you cover all your bases you have 271 00:09:57,740 --> 00:09:56,170 as much data as possible so I understand 272 00:10:00,660 --> 00:09:57,750 though before they do this they actually 273 00:10:02,449 --> 00:10:00,670 do their vo2 max measure that before 274 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:02,459 yeah I leave so they have a baseline 275 00:10:07,740 --> 00:10:05,050 absolutely then and then on a little bit 276 00:10:09,689 --> 00:10:07,750 and then return again on post flight 277 00:10:12,210 --> 00:10:09,699 yeah preflight and a flight and a 278 00:10:13,439 --> 00:10:12,220 non-return to just measure across how 279 00:10:15,569 --> 00:10:13,449 much is lost and then how much they 280 00:10:17,730 --> 00:10:15,579 actually will regain back once they once 281 00:10:19,170 --> 00:10:17,740 they land as well over time how they 282 00:10:21,990 --> 00:10:19,180 compare with some of the the Olympics 283 00:10:25,110 --> 00:10:22,000 and I don't know maybe honey I want to 284 00:10:26,699 --> 00:10:25,120 find that out hi hi numbers okay so the 285 00:10:28,049 --> 00:10:26,709 next one this is kind of a fun one to 286 00:10:32,309 --> 00:10:28,059 and actually we were talking about this 287 00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:32,319 earlier aki was actually just measuring 288 00:10:35,910 --> 00:10:33,850 the water volume of this particular 289 00:10:38,309 --> 00:10:35,920 habitat is called the aquatic habitat 290 00:10:40,470 --> 00:10:38,319 this is kind of exciting good um it's 291 00:10:42,329 --> 00:10:40,480 for fish it's been efficient air base 292 00:10:44,549 --> 00:10:42,339 yeah so talk to me a little about this 293 00:10:46,590 --> 00:10:44,559 yeah this is the fun this is fun stuff 294 00:10:48,090 --> 00:10:46,600 right so so the aquatic habitat was 295 00:10:49,740 --> 00:10:48,100 actually itself the hardware was 296 00:10:51,990 --> 00:10:49,750 launched this summer on an HTV vehicle 297 00:10:53,790 --> 00:10:52,000 and in the meantime the crew have been 298 00:10:55,999 --> 00:10:53,800 working on and off to set up the water 299 00:10:57,869 --> 00:10:56,009 the test the pH get all the bubbles out 300 00:11:00,509 --> 00:10:57,879 surprisingly bubbles were a bad thing to 301 00:11:02,009 --> 00:11:00,519 have in a fluid environment in space set 302 00:11:04,790 --> 00:11:02,019 up the filtration units and get ready 303 00:11:06,980 --> 00:11:04,800 for the fish that just arrived on 32's 304 00:11:09,380 --> 00:11:06,990 and I heard as of this morning the fish 305 00:11:11,810 --> 00:11:09,390 medaka fish have been inserted into the 306 00:11:15,530 --> 00:11:11,820 into the aquarium and so the purpose of 307 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:15,540 these medaka fish are is to basically 308 00:11:19,910 --> 00:11:17,610 start an investigation that looks at the 309 00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:19,920 development of fish over time and 310 00:11:23,389 --> 00:11:22,170 microgravity the longest time of fish a 311 00:11:26,870 --> 00:11:23,399 particular fish has lived in 312 00:11:30,110 --> 00:11:26,880 microgravity has has been about 16 days 313 00:11:31,759 --> 00:11:30,120 or so on Space Shuttle missions and so 314 00:11:33,860 --> 00:11:31,769 now we're looking at a breeding tank 315 00:11:35,870 --> 00:11:33,870 that can hold fish over three different 316 00:11:37,430 --> 00:11:35,880 generations of reading these fish braid 317 00:11:39,110 --> 00:11:37,440 pretty quickly I think over two to three 318 00:11:41,210 --> 00:11:39,120 weeks and so you can start to see 319 00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:41,220 different generations of development and 320 00:11:44,930 --> 00:11:43,260 if you and you can also look at the 321 00:11:46,699 --> 00:11:44,940 motor microscope you can tag them with 322 00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:46,709 red and green colors that you see on the 323 00:11:51,139 --> 00:11:49,170 screen that drive certain cells to 324 00:11:52,519 --> 00:11:51,149 behave in certain way you can see what's 325 00:11:54,920 --> 00:11:52,529 happening with those certain cells so if 326 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:54,930 you tagged bone cells red you can see 327 00:11:57,620 --> 00:11:56,250 what's happening to the bone the 328 00:11:58,990 --> 00:11:57,630 skeletal system and these fishes they 329 00:12:01,699 --> 00:11:59,000 evolved in a microgravity environment 330 00:12:03,710 --> 00:12:01,709 crew on orbit the longer they stay they 331 00:12:05,150 --> 00:12:03,720 face muscle and bone loss because of 332 00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:05,160 this use they're not using it as often 333 00:12:09,230 --> 00:12:07,500 as they are on earth and so we want to 334 00:12:10,699 --> 00:12:09,240 understand some of the issues associated 335 00:12:12,500 --> 00:12:10,709 with that the processes that control 336 00:12:14,030 --> 00:12:12,510 that and one way you can do it is 337 00:12:15,980 --> 00:12:14,040 through these fish especially as you 338 00:12:18,110 --> 00:12:15,990 look at their development over time so 339 00:12:21,800 --> 00:12:18,120 the first study will look at the bone 340 00:12:25,970 --> 00:12:21,810 development and and sub sub in a subset 341 00:12:27,740 --> 00:12:25,980 so follow on studies okay I'd sacks 342 00:12:30,050 --> 00:12:27,750 myself in a corner without follow-on 343 00:12:32,060 --> 00:12:30,060 studies will look at other parts other 344 00:12:33,590 --> 00:12:32,070 different physiological processes of the 345 00:12:35,540 --> 00:12:33,600 fish and really cool it would be to see 346 00:12:38,079 --> 00:12:35,550 just how they develop and what they end 347 00:12:40,639 --> 00:12:38,089 up acting like and looking like after 348 00:12:42,050 --> 00:12:40,649 generations in space yeah so it's 349 00:12:44,030 --> 00:12:42,060 exciting though and me and you mentioned 350 00:12:47,269 --> 00:12:44,040 32s so that just arrived so you're 351 00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:47,279 talking about the Soyuz with Kevin Ford 352 00:12:51,139 --> 00:12:49,170 yeah and his and his two cosmonaut 353 00:12:54,170 --> 00:12:51,149 crewmates as well so yeah and they just 354 00:12:56,720 --> 00:12:54,180 arrived this week to fish are now on 355 00:12:59,290 --> 00:12:56,730 station and we call most of them are 356 00:13:03,110 --> 00:12:59,300 inside the aquarium hey ho very cool 357 00:13:06,110 --> 00:13:03,120 okay so um last but not least we have 358 00:13:08,829 --> 00:13:06,120 one other one and Sonny was also working 359 00:13:11,900 --> 00:13:08,839 a little bit with it I think just 360 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:11,910 replacing it on on station this morning 361 00:13:17,210 --> 00:13:14,670 and this is called a micro 6 yeah 362 00:13:19,250 --> 00:13:17,220 one thing about micro sixes it actually 363 00:13:20,810 --> 00:13:19,260 came up and I want to talk about more 364 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:20,820 other things this is something that 365 00:13:23,810 --> 00:13:22,410 they're working on this week but it is 366 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:23,820 one that actually arrived at the 367 00:13:28,910 --> 00:13:25,610 international space station aboard the 368 00:13:31,070 --> 00:13:28,920 first yes we supply cargo craft at 369 00:13:33,230 --> 00:13:31,080 commercial resupply cargo craft the 370 00:13:36,470 --> 00:13:33,240 dragon which is actually set to 371 00:13:39,710 --> 00:13:36,480 splashdown depart from the station and / 372 00:13:41,270 --> 00:13:39,720 down on Sunday but so talk to me first I 373 00:13:43,190 --> 00:13:41,280 want to talk about more science that was 374 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:43,200 brought up on Dragon but first talk to 375 00:13:45,650 --> 00:13:44,400 me a little about micro sick since 376 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:45,660 that's something that they have been 377 00:13:49,310 --> 00:13:46,890 working on during this week as well 378 00:13:51,230 --> 00:13:49,320 absolutely micro six it's what's called 379 00:13:54,140 --> 00:13:51,240 a sortie and we haven't had sorties 380 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:54,150 since retirement a shuttle so a sortie 381 00:13:57,980 --> 00:13:56,010 is an investigation that you can you 382 00:13:59,960 --> 00:13:57,990 launch up on a vehicle activate it 383 00:14:01,700 --> 00:13:59,970 during the time that the vehicle stocked 384 00:14:02,930 --> 00:14:01,710 and then return it right away home and 385 00:14:05,630 --> 00:14:02,940 since we haven't had returned 386 00:14:07,760 --> 00:14:05,640 capabilities we haven't had a sortie in 387 00:14:09,920 --> 00:14:07,770 a long time so micro six is one of two 388 00:14:12,830 --> 00:14:09,930 sorties that are on station right now 389 00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:12,840 and and it's coming home like you said I 390 00:14:16,880 --> 00:14:15,090 saw the video of Sonny packing these 391 00:14:19,940 --> 00:14:16,890 these what's called these gaps these 392 00:14:22,550 --> 00:14:19,950 circular components inside of a return 393 00:14:25,100 --> 00:14:22,560 box that's coming home on SpaceX and 394 00:14:27,050 --> 00:14:25,110 inside of these particular gaps it's 395 00:14:29,840 --> 00:14:27,060 what the hardware is called is a type of 396 00:14:32,510 --> 00:14:29,850 yeast called Candida albicans and in 397 00:14:34,610 --> 00:14:32,520 candida albicans is a normal part of the 398 00:14:36,410 --> 00:14:34,620 micro flora and fauna flora that are 399 00:14:38,510 --> 00:14:36,420 located in your gut and they're there 400 00:14:40,640 --> 00:14:38,520 they're part of who we are but sometimes 401 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:40,650 if your balance of these microbes inside 402 00:14:46,310 --> 00:14:43,650 your get get off these yeast these type 403 00:14:48,770 --> 00:14:46,320 of yeast can become more active and take 404 00:14:51,140 --> 00:14:48,780 over and cause issues such as yeast 405 00:14:53,240 --> 00:14:51,150 infections and thrust in the mouth and 406 00:14:55,640 --> 00:14:53,250 so these these infections can become an 407 00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:55,650 issue on earth but you can imagine they 408 00:14:59,690 --> 00:14:57,360 could also become an issue in space as 409 00:15:01,730 --> 00:14:59,700 well so we're interested interested in 410 00:15:03,110 --> 00:15:01,740 them in terms of crew health but what's 411 00:15:04,640 --> 00:15:03,120 really cool about the microgravity 412 00:15:07,100 --> 00:15:04,650 environment is that we found with the 413 00:15:09,620 --> 00:15:07,110 way bacteria behave and other microbes 414 00:15:11,930 --> 00:15:09,630 that sometimes certain ones become more 415 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:11,940 aggressive in space and so they'll up 416 00:15:17,240 --> 00:15:14,570 regulate their kind of nastiness and so 417 00:15:19,340 --> 00:15:17,250 so with that we've been able to identify 418 00:15:21,470 --> 00:15:19,350 types of genes that are involved in 419 00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:21,480 driving the kind of aggressiveness and 420 00:15:25,250 --> 00:15:23,370 if you can identify the types of genes 421 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:25,260 that are involved in that behavior you 422 00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:26,850 can potentially get to a cure or vaccine 423 00:15:29,660 --> 00:15:27,690 or 424 00:15:31,610 --> 00:15:29,670 regent quicker so that's what's being 425 00:15:33,110 --> 00:15:31,620 done with the micro six investigation 426 00:15:35,150 --> 00:15:33,120 the scientists who are sending this one 427 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:35,160 up are going to get the samples home and 428 00:15:38,330 --> 00:15:36,090 they're going to look at things like 429 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:38,340 what genes were upregulated in these 430 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:40,530 cells as they were incubated on Space 431 00:15:43,550 --> 00:15:42,210 Station in the microgravity environment 432 00:15:45,260 --> 00:15:43,560 and then they might think about what 433 00:15:46,790 --> 00:15:45,270 might cause their activation based on 434 00:15:48,290 --> 00:15:46,800 these genes that that are that are 435 00:15:49,310 --> 00:15:48,300 activated what's causing this what about 436 00:15:51,110 --> 00:15:49,320 the microgravity environment that's 437 00:15:53,210 --> 00:15:51,120 doing it they're also going to look at 438 00:15:55,280 --> 00:15:53,220 their their physical structure because 439 00:15:57,170 --> 00:15:55,290 when sometimes when microbes become 440 00:15:59,030 --> 00:15:57,180 aggressive part of that is that they 441 00:16:00,440 --> 00:15:59,040 create biofilms and they start that's a 442 00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:00,450 good way for them to communicate and 443 00:16:04,700 --> 00:16:01,890 hang out with each other and become more 444 00:16:06,470 --> 00:16:04,710 aggressive and then lastly I understand 445 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:06,480 that this investigation is also testing 446 00:16:10,820 --> 00:16:09,090 an antifungal treatment so it'll be 447 00:16:13,070 --> 00:16:10,830 interesting to see the response in the 448 00:16:14,810 --> 00:16:13,080 in the cultures to this antifungal 449 00:16:16,910 --> 00:16:14,820 treatment as they were cultured in 450 00:16:19,610 --> 00:16:16,920 microgravity so these guys are going to 451 00:16:21,260 --> 00:16:19,620 come home on SpaceX and and we're 452 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:21,270 looking forward to those results they're 453 00:16:25,100 --> 00:16:23,010 one of many that are going to come home 454 00:16:27,890 --> 00:16:25,110 about 400 kilograms are coming home on 455 00:16:29,690 --> 00:16:27,900 SpaceX in support of countless 456 00:16:31,010 --> 00:16:29,700 investigations my job right now is to 457 00:16:32,420 --> 00:16:31,020 untangle the countless number of 458 00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:32,430 investigations that are actually coming 459 00:16:37,460 --> 00:16:35,310 home they range from cold stowage 460 00:16:38,870 --> 00:16:37,470 samples which is a new capability for us 461 00:16:40,940 --> 00:16:38,880 as well we haven't had that since 462 00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:40,950 shuttles gone away being able to return 463 00:16:45,980 --> 00:16:44,130 samples that are frozen or cold like the 464 00:16:47,390 --> 00:16:45,990 blood and the urine the critical human 465 00:16:49,760 --> 00:16:47,400 samples the critical plant tissue 466 00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:49,770 samples things that have been up and in 467 00:16:53,570 --> 00:16:51,210 the freezers and Space Station for a 468 00:16:55,850 --> 00:16:53,580 while and need to come home before they 469 00:16:57,500 --> 00:16:55,860 expire so to speak and the cells start 470 00:16:59,090 --> 00:16:57,510 to break down so the science return on 471 00:17:01,580 --> 00:16:59,100 these is critical and that's a big 472 00:17:03,950 --> 00:17:01,590 return capability of SpaceX and we also 473 00:17:07,069 --> 00:17:03,960 have some ambient samples coming home in 474 00:17:09,380 --> 00:17:07,079 terms of materials even some some 475 00:17:10,760 --> 00:17:09,390 ambient samples that don't require that 476 00:17:13,069 --> 00:17:10,770 our human base that don't require 477 00:17:14,960 --> 00:17:13,079 freezing as well we also have physical 478 00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:14,970 sciences capabilities some material 479 00:17:19,250 --> 00:17:16,319 samples that are being returned and even 480 00:17:21,710 --> 00:17:19,260 videotapes of the data that was taken 481 00:17:23,960 --> 00:17:21,720 during investigations on orbit as well 482 00:17:26,090 --> 00:17:23,970 so it's going to be fully loaded we've 483 00:17:29,150 --> 00:17:26,100 maximized our capacity for return on 484 00:17:33,230 --> 00:17:29,160 SpaceX about 200 kilograms went up on 485 00:17:35,690 --> 00:17:33,240 SpaceX to support about oh anyway we 486 00:17:38,060 --> 00:17:35,700 have 165 investigations going on right 487 00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:38,070 now in this six-month period so it 488 00:17:41,390 --> 00:17:40,110 probably doesn't support every single 489 00:17:42,590 --> 00:17:41,400 one of them but a good handful 490 00:17:44,720 --> 00:17:42,600 those are being supported in the up 491 00:17:47,180 --> 00:17:44,730 massive space X and the return is going 492 00:17:48,980 --> 00:17:47,190 to be really an exciting deal not just 493 00:17:51,020 --> 00:17:48,990 this you know the splashdown and being 494 00:17:53,270 --> 00:17:51,030 able the scene of it all and but knowing 495 00:17:56,210 --> 00:17:53,280 that the step is home and it's returned 496 00:17:57,740 --> 00:17:56,220 safely and collecting you know get some 497 00:18:00,050 --> 00:17:57,750 information out of there that could be 498 00:18:02,330 --> 00:18:00,060 useful to us not only in space and our 499 00:18:04,900 --> 00:18:02,340 endeavor there but also here on earth 500 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:04,910 because some of these a lot of these 501 00:18:10,610 --> 00:18:07,770 studies that we're doing you know on the 502 00:18:12,140 --> 00:18:10,620 station also have application to us here 503 00:18:16,250 --> 00:18:12,150 on earth so I think it's very very 504 00:18:19,420 --> 00:18:16,260 important and as we know we also the 505 00:18:22,580 --> 00:18:19,430 basics dragon is I'm going to be 506 00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:22,590 splashing down on Sunday it departs from 507 00:18:28,790 --> 00:18:25,770 the International Space Station Sunday 508 00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:28,800 morning we all have live coverage for 509 00:18:34,430 --> 00:18:31,530 you here on nasa television of the route 510 00:18:36,620 --> 00:18:34,440 there and birth and the release and that 511 00:18:39,170 --> 00:18:36,630 will start at six a.m. central time 512 00:18:40,820 --> 00:18:39,180 sunday again watch that and then i will 513 00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:40,830 give you will provide some video later 514 00:18:48,710 --> 00:18:44,330 that afternoon of the at the splashdown 515 00:18:49,760 --> 00:18:48,720 and here are some the time matches of 516 00:18:51,710 --> 00:18:49,770 everything that's going to be taking 517 00:18:53,690 --> 00:18:51,720 place again the coverage will begin at 518 00:18:55,970 --> 00:18:53,700 six a.m. central time here on NASA 519 00:18:57,800 --> 00:18:55,980 television with a release scheduled for 520 00:19:03,140 --> 00:18:57,810 eight twenty six a.m. and splashdown 521 00:19:04,550 --> 00:19:03,150 later at 220 p.m. that afternoon Tara 522 00:19:06,710 --> 00:19:04,560 thank you so much for coming here and 523 00:19:08,510 --> 00:19:06,720 giving us this science friday and giving 524 00:19:10,340 --> 00:19:08,520 us a wrap up again like I said it's I 525 00:19:12,860 --> 00:19:10,350 think it's a very important element and 526 00:19:14,750 --> 00:19:12,870 something that you know we too often get 527 00:19:16,700 --> 00:19:14,760 caught up in in the whole you know we 528 00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:16,710 got to keep our home claim and clean and 529 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:18,810 maintain but there's it is a laboratory 530 00:19:22,190 --> 00:19:20,490 that's right and death so thank you very 531 00:19:26,750 --> 00:19:22,200 much and we also have a website you can 532 00:19:28,940 --> 00:19:26,760 go to at www a govt ass wash station 533 00:19:31,100 --> 00:19:28,950 slice research and you can find all the 534 00:19:32,990 --> 00:19:31,110 information you want yep addenda and 535 00:19:34,490 --> 00:19:33,000 then some yeah thank you again for 536 00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:34,500 coming out thanksss always so fun to